Levels are often designed as dark and claustrophobic (often making use of dim or shadowy light conditions and camera angles and sightlines which restrict visibility) to challenge the player and provide suspense, although games in the genre also make use of enormous spatial environments. Levels also challenge players with mazelike environments, which test the player's navigational skills. Occasionally, levels are designed with alternative routes. Areas of the game world will be off limits until the player gains certain items. The survival horror genre is also known for other non-combat challenges, such as solving puzzles at certain locations in the game world, and collecting and managing an inventory of items. Games try to enhance the experience of vulnerability by making the game single-player rather than multiplayer, and by giving the player an avatar who is more frail than the typical action game hero. This shifts gameplay away from direct combat, and players must learn to evade enemies or turn the environment against them.
Thus, players are more vulnerable than in action games, and the hostility of the environment sets up a narrative where the odds are weighed decisively against the avatar.
The player usually encounters several factors to make combat unattractive as a primary option, such as a limited number of weapons or invulnerable enemies if weapons are available, their ammunition is sparser than in other games, and powerful weapons such as rocket launchers are rare, if even available at all. Survival horror games are a subgenre of horror games, where the player is unable to fully prepare or arm their avatar. According to IGN, "Survival horror is different from typical game genres in that it is not defined strictly by specific mechanics, but subject matter, tone, pacing, and design philosophy." Game design De-emphasized combat Still, it is not unusual for survival horror games to draw upon elements from first-person shooters, action-adventure games, or even role-playing games. They tend to de-emphasize combat in favor of challenges such as hiding or running from enemies and solving puzzles. While many action games feature lone protagonists versus swarms of enemies in a suspenseful environment, survival horror games are distinct from otherwise horror-themed action games. Typically, these games contain relatively few non-player characters and, as a result, frequently tell much of their story second-hand through the usage of journals, texts, or audio logs. Another major theme throughout the genre is that of isolation. Games commonly challenge the player to manage their inventory and ration scarce resources such as ammunition. The player character is vulnerable and under-armed, which puts emphasis on puzzle-solving and evasion, rather than the player taking an offensive strategy. Survival horror refers to a subgenre of action-adventure video games that include horror game elements. Resident Evil (1996) named and defined the survival horror genre. This has led game journalists to question whether long-standing survival horror franchises and more recent franchises have abandoned the genre and moved into a distinct genre often referred to as "action horror". Starting with the release of Resident Evil 4 in 2005, the genre began to incorporate more features from action games and more traditional first person and third-person shooter games. The name has been used since then for games with similar gameplay, and has been retroactively applied to earlier titles. The term "survival horror" was first used for the original Japanese release of Resident Evil in 1996, which was influenced by earlier games with a horror theme such as 1989's Sweet Home and 1992's Alone in the Dark. Games make use of strong horror themes, like dark mazelike environments and unexpected attacks from enemies. The player is also challenged to find items that unlock the path to new areas and solve puzzles to proceed in the game. Although combat can be part of the gameplay, the player is made to feel less in control than in typical action games through limited ammunition or weapons, health, speed and vision, or through various obstructions of the player's interaction with the game mechanics. Survival horror is a subgenre of action-adventure and horror video games that focuses on survival of the character as the game tries to frighten players with either horror graphics or scary ambience.
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